Another study with strains from a different geographical origin predicted a 45-Mbp genome size for (256). Perkins, also in the United States (Chicago, IL). This was the case of a young man who suffered an injury having a hammer hitting his finger, with the lesion showing spontaneous regression. These investigators gave the sporotrichosis agent its current denomination, (95). Later on, this fungus was erroneously included in the genus and isolates from sporotrichosis instances (37). In 1903, Sabouraud suggested to Beurmann and Gougerot the use of potassium iodine for the treatment of sporotrichosis, which was a common disease in France during the beginning of the 20th century (126). This has hitherto been a satisfactory therapy for sporotrichosis, although no randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tests have ever been Valifenalate carried out (267). The 1st reported case of natural animal illness was explained in 1907 by Lutz and Splendore in rats from Brazil (141). The possibility of human illness by bites from these rats was regarded as (186). Also in Brazil, in 1908, Splendore reported the detection of asteroid body around candida cells, which offer a very useful tool for sporotrichosis analysis in histological examinations (126, 196). TAXONOMIC STUDIES belongs to the kingdom Fungi and is a eukaryotic organism that is without mobility and heterotrophic and presents chitin on its cell wall. For several years, this fungus was included in division (128). After a substantial fungal taxonomy revision by Guarro and coworkers, this fungus was characterized in division (84). The sexual form of is as yet unknown. However, Valifenalate there is substantial molecular evidence that this fungus undergoes recombination in nature (163). Nevertheless, some studies imply that in an ascomycete, since it presents a simple septum, with Valifenalate Woronin body (237) and three chitin synthase genes (44). Molecular analyses of the 18S region of the ribosomal DNA show the sexual form of could be (22). On the other hand, morphological and physiological studies show consistent variations between these two varieties. is unable to produce dematiaceous conidia, as does does not produce perithecium on malt, rice, or potato press, as is observed for isolates of Valifenalate (60, 181). Variations will also be apparent SSV when these varieties are inoculated in mice. can be found in several cells from all infected mice after intravenous inoculation, and is detected in certain organs from some infected animals (59). These observations lead to the conclusion the anamorph and are different varieties. Meanwhile, additional molecular studies (56, 97), together with work by Berbee and Taylor (22), reinforce the teleomorph is definitely classified in the genus Berbee and Taylor spotlight that belongs to the pyrenomycete lineage, lacking forcible ascospore discharge (22). Recently, Marimon and coworkers (150), on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, suggested that should not be considered the only varieties that causes sporotrichosis, and based on macroscopic characteristics, sucrose and raffinose assimilation, ability to grow at 37C, and the nuclear calmodulin gene sequence, they explained four new varieties in the complex: (i) var. (151), differing from primarily in the cells form from the production of large, often septate budding cells unable to assimilate creatinine or creatine (53). On the other hand, other authors support its separation by rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data (54). Another varieties, has been isolated from blood and skin samples from human individuals, but pathogenicity studies conclude that, although this fungus can grow at 37C, it is avirulent (233). Number 1 presents a key to differentiate varieties within the complex (151). Open in a separate windows Fig. 1. Recognition key for varieties of clinical interest, based on morphological and phenotypic checks explained by Marimon and collaborators (152). PDA, potato dextrose agar; CMA, corn meal agar. Recently, de Meyer and collaborators (56) explained three additional environmental varieties, by.